Cov ntsiab cai tseem ceeb thiab qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic

Kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic yog cov thev naus laus zis uas ncaj qha hloov lub teeb lub zog mus rau hauv hluav taws xob siv cov nyhuv photovoltaic ntawm lub semiconductor interface. Nws feem ntau muaj peb ntu: hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, tswj, thiab inverter. Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tom qab lub hnub ci hluav taws xob txuas nrog hauv cov koob, lawv tuaj yeem raug ntim thiab tiv thaiv los tsim cov chaw loj hnub ci cell modules, uas tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov tswj fais fab thiab lwm yam khoom siv los tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob photovoltaic.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic yog cov nyhuv photoelectric ntawm semiconductors. Thaum photons irradiate ib hlau, lawv lub zog tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm cov electrons hauv cov hlau. Lub zog absorbed los ntawm electrons yog loj txaus los kov yeej lub Coulomb quab yuam nyob rau hauv hlau atoms ua hauj lwm, thiab khiav tawm ntawm hlau nto los ua photoelectrons. Silicon atoms muaj plaub txheej electrons. Yog tias ntshiab silicon doped nrog atoms nrog tsib lub electrons, xws li phosphorus atoms, nws dhau los ua N-hom semiconductor. Yog tias ntshiab silicon doped nrog atoms nrog peb sab nraud electrons, xws li boron atoms, nws tsim P-hom semiconductor. Thaum P-hom thiab N-hom sib xyaw ua ke, qhov chaw sib cuag yuav tsim qhov sib txawv, dhau los ua lub hnub ci cell. Thaum tshav ntuj ci rau ntawm pn kev sib tshuam, tam sim no ntws los ntawm P-hom sab mus rau sab N-hom, tsim ib qho tam sim no.

Cov nyhuv photoelectric yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab tej yam yees siv tshwm sim hauv physics. Nyob rau hauv lub irradiation ntawm electromagnetic nthwv dej saum toj no ib tug ntau zaus (paub raws li qhov txwv zaus), electrons nyob rau hauv tej yam khoom nqus zog thiab khiav mus rau ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no, hu ua photoelectric. Daim duab schematic ntawm photovoltaic fais fab tiam qhia tau hais tias polycrystalline silicon tau ua tiav rau hauv silicon wafers los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li ingot casting, ingot breaking, thiab slicing. Doping thiab diffusion ntawm cov kab ntau ntawm boron, phosphorus, thiab lwm yam. Ib qho kev sib tshuam pn yuav raug tsim rau ntawm silicon wafer. Tom qab ntawd, los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam luam ntawv, cov nyiaj npaj tau zoo tau muab luam tawm ntawm silicon wafer los ua kab sib chaws. Tom qab sintering, nws kuj tseem ua rau hauv lub nraub qaum electrode, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam yog coated rau saum npoo nrog kab sib chaws los ua cov roj teeb. Lub roj teeb yog npaj thiab ua ke los tsim ib lub roj teeb module, tsim ib lub rooj tsavxwm loj. Feem ntau, cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm ib qho txhuas thav duab, nrog iav npog rau pem hauv ntej thiab electrodes nyob tom qab. Nrog cov khoom siv roj teeb thiab lwm yam khoom siv pabcuam, lub zog tsim hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tsim tau. Txhawm rau hloov tam sim no ncaj qha mus rau qhov hloov pauv tam sim no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau nruab ib lub inverter. Tom qab tsim hluav taws xob, nws tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv cov roj teeb lossis cov khoom siv nkag rau hauv daim phiaj hluav taws xob pej xeem. Nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov tshuab tsim hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv roj teeb suav txog kwv yees li 50%, thaum cov khoom siv tam sim no, cov nqi teeb tsa, lwm cov khoom siv pabcuam, thiab lwm yam nqi ntxiv rau 50%.